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Know you that the Arab merchants are the ones who invented the nine numerals, and these numerals had transmitted from them into India (Indian subcontinent) - well before Islam - as a result of maritime trade connections between Arabs and the Indian subcontinent via the Arabian Sea, Arabian Gulf, and Red Sea?
Yet, know you that Arabs are those who invented the "Zero" (Arabic: Sefro) notation in a later time, so it has imparted too to India, as well as to Europe?
And, know you that the Arabic numerals had transformed through the time and the geographical distance into two forms of numerals: the most ancient (Ghebari or Ghebariya) form continued to be in use in the Arabic-West, and it imparted wherefrom into Europe via Andalusia and Sicily; while the more transformed form of them prevailed in use in the Arabic-East to This date?

World should acknowledge the Arabic gravity, solemnity and civilizational role that humanity has utilized, while some voices/outcries get rise against Arabism and Islam with plenty of false pretenses and prejudiced alleges.. Thence, I went for years researching in this issue for its importance.

In proving the Arabism-originality of the ten numerals in their both forms: Arabic-Eastern and Western (ancient), and providing the proofs that preponderate the Indians excerpting the numerals originally from Arabs on one hand, and proving the Arabism-originality of "zero", as an arithmetic invention, on the other hand; this Book rests on five aspects of proofs: historical, geographical, manuscriptic, analytical and logical through the following topics:

1- This Main Page of Arabic Numerals.
2- Book's Preface.
3- Preamble of Arabic Numerals.
4- Trade, Numerals and Arabs.
5- Cultural Impacts of Arab-Indo Trade (1).
6- Cultural Impacts of Arab-Indo Trade (2).
7- Realm of the Arabic Maritime Trade Eastward.
8- Arabic Trade of Nabataea (1).
9- Arabic Trade of Nabataea (2).
10- Arabic Trade of Nabataea (3).
11- Arabic Trade of Nabataea (4).
12- Arabic Maps and Ships (1).
13- Arabic Maps and Ships (2).
14- Arab-Indo Ties (1).
15- Arab-Indo Ties (2).
16- Arabic-Eastern Numerals Are Not Indian (1).
17- Arabic-Eastern Numerals Are Not Indian (2).
18- Of the Evolution's History of Arabic Numerals in the Levant.
19- Languages and Scripts of India (1).
20- Languages and Scripts of India (2).
21- Digits in the Indian Scripts (1).
22- Digits in the Indian Scripts (2).
23- Digits in the Indian Scripts (3).
24- Arabic Numerals in Manuscripts (1).
25- Arabic Numerals in Manuscripts (2).
26- Arabic Numerals in Manuscripts (3).
27- Arabic Numerals in Manuscripts (4).
28- Arabic Numerals in Manuscripts (5).
29- Geometric Analysis of Arabic Numerals.
30- Ghebari Numerals (Arabic-West & Europe) are Ancient Arabic Numerals.
31- History of Arabic Numerals in Europe (1).
32- History of Arabic Numerals in Europe (2).
33- Numerals in India Are Originally Arabic (1).
34- Numerals in India Are Originally Arabic (2).
35- Numerals in India Are Originally Arabic (3).
36- Europeans and Arabic Right-Direction.
37- Origi-oneness of the Arabic Numerals (1).
38- Origi-oneness of the Arabic Numerals (2).
39- The Conclusion on Arabic Numerals.

Author
Lotfi M. Abdolhaleem

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